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• A valid model can predict the actions of the system it is modeling.
• All scientific models have limits
• Scientific theories must be backed up with supporting evidence. I evidence that refutes the theory is found both the evidence and theory must be examined.
• People tend to ignore evidence that challenges their beliefs and accept evidence the supports them.

• How does an observer's frame of reference effect their perception?
• How can the motion of the planets be modeled?
• What does it take to change accepted scientific thought?
• Why do people resist paradigm shift in scientific thought

• The motion and action of celestial bodies can best be described by a heliocentric system.
• Kepler's three Laws can be used to model the motion of any satellite.

• Use physical and mathematical models to make predictions about the motion of planets.
• Collect, analyze, and use data to support or refute a hypothesis.

• (G) Design and carry out an investigation to identify variables the affect the orbital period of a planet.
• (R) Science (A) Science Peers (S) The Night Sky (P) Data to support a hypothesis and analysis of this data (S) The student must use the SkyGazer software to collect enough quality data to convince an audience of their peers of their conclusion.

• Accuracy and precision of data collection should be within +-5%
• Students should look at data from at least 5 planets and should include the largest range possible.
• Students conclusions should be supported by their data

• Test on Planetary Motion
• Mock Trail of Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus. Students will develop arguments for the Inquisition and defense for the scientist.